Kubeyinje Oluwaseun Susan1, Nwodo Chinedu1, Inegbenejie Sylvester Bamidele1, Ugwu Esther1, Ede Stephen1, Olubayode Temitope1, Abugu Ezinne1, Ogualaji Precious1, Onyebueke Perpetua1, Okorie Joshua1
1University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Exploring associations between psychosocial parameters and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury
J. Anthr. Sport Phys. Educ. 2023, 7(4), 21-26 | DOI: 10.26773/jaspe.231005
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating condition causing profound life changes for millions of people around the world as it typically causes paralysis, and permanent disability. The aim of this study was to ascertain the quality of life (QoL) of the patients with SCI and to correlate it with psychosocial variables (age, sex, source of income, level of education, independence level, ambulatory status and depression). A cross-sectional survey design was employed with 22 SCI patients constituting the sample size. World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire–BREF and Patient’s Health Questionnaire (PHQ) were the instruments used for data collection. The instruments were administered directly and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Spearman rho correlation statistics. The findings of this study showed that majority of the respondents were male (68.2%) and they were mostly dependent in ambulation (68.2%) with the use of wheelchair as the most common assistive device (85.7%). Their QoL ranged from very poor to average (72.7%) and most of them found it very difficult to move around (59.1%). The physical health domain also had the least score on PHQ (38.36±19.52) and most of them were minimally depressed. There was no significant correlation between QoL and physical function, but there was significant negative correlation between depression and physical function. Conclusively, the findings of this study have shown that recovery of physical function in SCI patients is inversely related with the level of depression experienced.
Keywords
Quality of life, Depression, Physical function
View full article
(PDF – 94KB)
References
American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1994). APA, Washington, D.C.
Chang, F.H., Wang, Y.H., Jang, Y., & Wang, C.W. (2012). Factors associated with quality of life among people with spinal cord injury: Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health model. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93, 2264-70.
Chima, C.I., Anthony, I.U., Chibuzo, U.N., Ngozi, C.C., Robinson, O.O., & Ebere, Y.I. (2014). A review of traumatic spinal cord injuries at Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 7(1), 31-36.
Craig, A., Tran, Y. & Middleton, J. (2009). Psychological morbidity and spinal cord injury: A systematic review. Spinal Cord Injury, 47, 108-114.
Dahlberg, A., Kotila, M., Leppanen, P. and Kautiainen, H. (2005). Prevalence of spinal cord injury in Helsinki. Spinal Cord, 43(1): 47-50.
Ditor, D.S., Latimer, A.E., Ginis, K.A., Arbour, K.P., McCartney, N. & Hicks, A.L. (2003). Maintenance of exercise participation in individuals with spinal cord injury: Effects on quality of life, stress and pain. Spinal Cord, 41, 446-450.
Frank, R.G., Elliot, T.R., Corcoran, J., Wonderlich, S. (1987). Depression after spinal cord injury: Is it necessary? Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 611-30.
Hancock, K.M.A., Craig, R., Dickson, H.G., Chang, E., & Martin, J. (1993). Anxiety and depression over the first year of spinal cord injury: A longitudinal study. International Medical Society of Paraplegia. Paraplegia, 31, 349-357.
Johnson, R.L., Gerhart, K.A., McGray, J., Menconi, J.C. & Whiteneek, G.G. (1998). Secondary conditions following spinal cord injury in a population-based sample. Spinal Cord, 36, 45-50.
Judd, L.L., Paulus, M.P., Wells K.B. & Rapaport, M.H. (1996). Socio-economic burden of subsyndromal depressive symptoms and major depression in a sample of the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1411-1417.
Kang, Y., Ding, H., Zhou, H., Wei, Z., Liu, L., Pan, D. and Feng, S. (2020). Epidemiology of Worldwide Spinal Cord Injury: A Literature Review. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 6: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/JN.S143236
Kendall, P.C., Hollon, S.D., Beck, A.T., Hammen, C.L. & Ingram, R.E. (1987). Issues and recommendations regarding the use of the Beck Depression Inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3: 289-299.
Kreuter, M., Siösteen, A., Erkholm, B., Byström, U. & Brown, D.J. (2005). Health and quality of life of persons with spinal cord lesion in Australia and Sweden. Spinal Cord, 43(2): 123-9.
McDonald, J.W. & Sadowsky, C. (2002). Spinal cord injury. The Lancet, 359, 417-425.
Miyakoshi, N., Suda, K., Kudo, D., Sakai, H., Nakagawa, Y., Mikami, Y., Suzuki, S., Tokioka, T., Tokuihiro, A., Takei, S., Katoh, S. and Shimada, Y. (2020). A Nationwide Survey on the Incidence and Characteristics of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Japan in 2018. Spinal Cord, 1-9.
Müller, R., Peter, C., Cieza, A. & Geyh, S. (2012). The role of social support and social skills in people with spinal cord injury--a systematic review of the literature. Spinal Cord, 50(2), 94-106.
O’Connor, P. (2005). Prevalence of Spinal Cord Injury in Australia. Spinal Cord, 43, 42-46.
Polat, C.S., Ozcan, D.S., Koseoglu, B.F., Tatli, H.U. & Onat, S.S. (2018). The impact of Depression on Quality of Life and Depression-Related Factors in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. J PMR Sci, 21(3): 126-32.
Saunders, M. (2021). Why are Men more likely to Sustain Spinal Cord Injuries? Retrieved May 3, 2021, from https://www.spinalcordinjurylawyers.com
Schumaker, S., Anderson, R. & Czajikowski, S. (1990). Psychological tests and scales. RavenPr, 95-113.
Shin, J.C., Goo, H.R., Yu, S.J., Kim, D.H. & Yoon, S.Y. (2012). Depression and quality of life in patients within the first 6 months after the spinal cord injury. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(1), 119.
Tate, D.G., Kalpakjian, C.Z., & Forchheimer, M.P. (2002). Quality of life issues in individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 18-25.
Torlincasi, A. and Waseem, M. (2021). Cervical Injury. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY.
White, B., Driver, S. & Warren, A.M. (2010). Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55, 23-32.
Wyndaele, M & Wyndaele, J.J. (2006). Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: What learns a worldwide literature survey? Spinal Cord, 44, 523-529.